what idea was espoused with the webster hayne debates

Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 27, 1830. . Be this as it may, Hayne was a ready and copious orator, a highly-educated lawyer, a man of varied accomplishments, shining as a writer, speaker, and counselor, equally qualified to draw up a bill or to advocate it, quick to memories, well fortified by wealth and marriage connections, dignified, never vulgar nor unmindful of the feelings of those with whom he mingled, Hayne moved in an atmosphere where lofty and chivalrous honor was the ruling sentiment. If I could, by a mere act of my will, put at the disposal of the federal government any amount of treasure which I might think proper to name, I should limit the amount to the means necessary for the legitimate purposes of the government. They will also better understand the debate's political context. Eloquence threw open the portals of eternal day. Broadside Advertisement for Runaway Slave, Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of a Free-Soiler, Free & Slave-holding States and Territories. Webster replied to his speech the next day and left not a shred of the charge, baseless as it was. Hayne, South Carolina's foremost Senator, was the chosen champion; and the cause of his State, both in its right and wrong sides, could have found no abler exponent while [Vice President] Calhoun's official station kept him from the floor. Now, I wish to be informedhowthis state interference is to be put in practice, without violence, bloodshed, and rebellion. Would it be safe to confide such a treasure to the keeping of our national rulers? Sir, when gentlemen speak of the effects of a common fund, belonging to all the states, as having a tendency to consolidation, what do they mean? | 12 But to remove all doubt it is expressly declared, by the 10th article of the amendment of the Constitution, that the powers not delegated to the states, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.. Understand the 1830 debate's significance through an overview of issues of the Constitution, the Union, and state sovereignty. Two leading ideas predominated in this reply, and with respect to either Hayne was not only answered but put to silence. Well, let's look at the various parts. Create your account, 15 chapters | This government, sir, is the independent offspring of the popular will. . Webster scoffed at the idea of consolidation, labeling it "that perpetual cry, both of terror and delusion." What Hayne and his supporters actually meant to do, Webster claimed, was to resist those means that might strengthen the bonds of common interest. I understand the gentleman to maintain, that, without revolution, without civil commotion, without rebellion, a remedy for supposed abuse and transgression of the powers of the general government lies in a direct appeal to the interference of the state governments. . . The honorable member himself is not, I trust, and can never be, one of these. . The WebsterHayne debate was a debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina that took place on January 1927, 1830 on the topic of protectionist tariffs. . 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The Webster-Hayne debate laid out key issues faced by the Senate in the 1820s and 1830s. But I do not admit that, under the Constitution, and in conformity with it, there is any mode in which a state government, as a member of the Union, can interfere and stop the progress of the general government, by force of her own laws, under any circumstances whatever. . Sheidley, Harlow W. "The Wester-Hayne Debate: Recasting New England's Sectionalism", Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 179899, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebsterHayne_debate&oldid=1135315190, This page was last edited on 23 January 2023, at 22:54. It laid the interdict against personal servitude, in original compact, not only deeper than all local law, but deeper, also, than all local constitutions. It makes but little difference, in my estimation, whether Congress or the Supreme Court, are invested with this power. Certainly, sir, I am, and ever have been of that opinion. . One was through protective tariffs, high taxes on imports and exports. The main issue of the Webster-Hayne Debate was the nature of the country that had been created by the Constitution. Under that system, the legal actionthe application of law to individuals, belonged exclusively to the states. Battle of Fort Sumter in the Civil War | Who Won the Battle of Fort Sumter? The arena selected for a first impression was the Senate, where the arch-heretic himself presided and guided the onset with his eye. Go to these cities now, and ask the question. . This is the sense in which the Framers of the Constitution use the word consolidation; and in which sense I adopt and cherish it. . To them, the more money the central government made, the stronger it became and the more it took rights away from the states to govern themselves. It was a great and salutary measure of prevention. The scene depicted in the painting is Webster concluding his debate with Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. a. an explanation of natural events that is well supported by scientific evidence b. a set of rules for ethical conduct during an experiment c. a statement that describes how natural events happen d. a possible answer to a scientific question . The militia of the state will be called out to sustain the nullifying act. Webster was eloquent, he was educated, he was witty, and he was a staunch defender of American liberty. . In the course of my former remarks, I took occasion to deprecate, as one of the greatest of evils, the consolidation of this government. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. At the foundation of the constitution of these new Northwestern states, . Speech on Assuming Office of the President. We look upon the states, not as separated, but as united. succeed. I have but one word more to add. Senator Foote, of Connecticut, submitted a proposition inquiring into the expediency of limiting the sales of public lands to those already in the market. Even more pointedly, his speech reflected a decade of arguments from other Massachusetts conservatives who argued against supposed threats to New England's social order.[2]. . Can any man believe, sir, that, if twenty-three millions per annum was now levied by direct taxation, or by an apportionment of the same among the states, instead of being raised by an indirect tax, of the severe effect of which few are aware, that the waste and extravagance, the unauthorized imposition of duties, and appropriations of money for unconstitutional objects, would have been tolerated for a single year? Is it the creature of the state legislatures, or the creature of the people? foote wanted to stop surveying lands until they could sell the ones already looked at . . If this is to become one great consolidated government, swallowing up the rights of the states, and the liberties of the citizen, riding and ruling over the plundered ploughman, and beggared yeomanry,[8] the Union will not be worth preserving. . Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. New England, the Union, and the Constitution in its integrity, all were triumphantly vindicated. Under the circumstances then existing, I look upon this original and seasonable provision, as a real good attained. An accomplished politician, Hayne was an eloquent orator who enthralled his audiences. Shedding weak tears over sufferings which had existence only in their own sickly imaginations, these friends of humanity set themselves systematically to work to seduce the slaves of the South from their masters. Sir, we narrow-minded people of New England do not reason thus. 1824 Presidential Election, Candidates & Significance | Who Won the Election of 1824? Historians love a good debate. . Besides that, however, the federal government was still figuring out its role in American society. The 1830 Webster-Hayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. We who come here, as agents and representatives of these narrow-minded and selfish men of New England, consider ourselves as bound to regard, with equal eye, the good of the whole, in whatever is within our power of legislation. In this regard, Webster anticipated an argument that Abraham Lincoln made in his First Inaugural Address (1861). Having thus distinctly stated the points in dispute between the gentleman and myself, I proceed to examine them. . Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne" was generally regarded as "the most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress."[1]. Do they mean, or can they mean, anything more than that the Union of the states will be strengthened, by whatever continues or furnishes inducements to the people of the states to hold together? . It impressed on the soil itself, while it was yet a wilderness, an incapacity to bear up any other than free men. Daniel webster (ma) and sen. Hayne of . The tendency of all these ideas and sentiments is obviously to bring the Union into discussion, as a mere question of present and temporary expediency; nothing more than a mere matter of profit and loss. It is only regarded as a possible means of good; or on the other hand, as a possible means of evil. Robert Young Hayne spent more than two decades in elected offices, including mayor of Charleston, member of South Carolina's legislature, attorney general, and then governor of the state. His speech was indeed a powerful one of its eloquence and personality. Tariff of Abominations of 1828 | What was the Significance of the Tariff of Abominations? . This was the man to fire an aristocracy of fellow citizens ready to arm when their interests were in danger, and upon him, it devolved to advance the cause of South Carolina, break down the tariff, and fascinate the Union with the new rattlesnake theories. . This is a delicate and sensitive point, in southern feeling; and of late years it has always been touched, and generally with effect, whenever the object has been to unite the whole South against northern men, or northern measures. The Revelation on Celestial Marriage: Trouble Amon Hon. It is only by a strict adherence to the limitations imposed by the Constitution on the federal government, that this system works well, and can answer the great ends for which it was instituted. We resolved to make the best of the situation in which Providence had placed us, and to fulfil the high trust which had developed upon us as the owners of slaves, in the only way in which such a trust could be fulfilled, without spreading misery and ruin throughout the land. . The debate, which took place between January 19th and January 27th, 1830, encapsulated the major issues facing the newly founded United States in the 1820s and 1830s; the balance of power between the federal and state governments, the development of the democratic process, and the growing tension between Northern and Southern states. . Webster and the North treated it as binding the states together as a single union. The Senate debates between Whig Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Democrat Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830 started out as a disagreement over the sale of Western lands and turned into one of the most famous verbal contests in American history. While the Union lasts, we have high, exciting, gratifying prospects spread out before us, for us and our children. Judiciary Act of 1801 | Overview, History & Significance, General Ulysses S. Grant Takes Charge: His Strategic Plan for Ending the War. . 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If the government of the United States be the agent of the state governments, then they may control it, provided they can agree in the manner of controlling it; if it be the agent of the people, then the people alone can control it, restrain it, modify, or reform it. . sir, this is but the old story. Ham, one of Noahs sons, saw him uncovered, for which Noah cursed him by making Hams son, Canaan, a slave to Ham's brothers. During his first years in Congress, Webster railed against President James Madison 's war policies, invoking a states' rights argument to oppose a conscription bill that went down to defeat.. Consolidation, like the tariff, grates upon his ear. He must cut it with his sword. Sir, as to the doctrine that the federal government is the exclusive judge of the extent as well as the limitations of its powers, it seems to be utterly subversive of the sovereignty and independence of the states. An undefinable dread now went abroad that men were planning against the peace of the nation, that the Union was in danger; and citizens looked more closely after its safety and welfare. Our notion of things is entirely different. we find the most opposite and irreconcilable opinions between the two parties which I have before described. The gentleman has made an eloquent appeal to our hearts in favor of union. There was no clear winner of the debate, but the Union's victory over the Confederacy just a few decades later brought Webster's ideas to fruition. I know that there are some persons in the part of the country from which the honorable member comes, who habitually speak of the Union in terms of indifference, or even of disparagement. Tariff of 1816 History & Significance | What was the Tariff of 1816? As sovereign states, each state could individually interpret the Constitution and even leave the Union altogether. Webster's articulation of the concept of the Union went on to shape American attitudes about the federal government. . No doubt can exist, that, before the states entered into the compact, they possessed the right to the fullest extent, of determining the limits of their own powersit is incident to all sovereignty. Webster realized that if the social, political, and economic elite of Massachusetts and the Northeast were to once again lay claim to national leadership, he had to justify New England's previous history of sectionalism within a framework of nationalistic progression. . . . [was] fixed, forever, the character of the population in the vast regions Northwest of the Ohio, by excluding from them involuntary servitude. They had burst forth from arguments about a decision by Connecticut Senator Samuel Foote. His ideas about federalism and his interpretation of the Constitution as a document uniting the states under one supreme law were highly influential in the eyes of his contemporaries and would influence the rebuilding of the nation after the Civil War. . . . Read reviews from world's largest community for readers. During the course of the debates, the senators touched on pressing political issues of the daythe tariff, Western lands, internal improvementsbecause behind these and others were two very different understandings of the origin and nature of the American Union. So they could finish selling the lands already surveyed. . The next day, however, Massachusetts senator Daniel Webster rose with his reply, and the northern states knew they had found their champion. Jackson himself would raise a national toast for 'the Union' later that year. We could not send them back to the shores from whence their fathers had been taken; their numbers forbade the thought, even if we did not know that their condition here is infinitely preferable to what it possibly could be among the barren sands and savage tribes of Africa; and it was wholly irreconcilable with all our notions of humanity to tear asunder the tender ties which they had formed among us, to gratify the feelings of a false philanthropy. Sir, if we are, then vain will be our attempt to maintain the Constitution under which we sit. . The Webster-Hayne Debate between New Hampshire Senator Daniel Webster and South Carolina Senator Robert Young Hayne highlighted the sectional nature of the controversy. Webster-Hayne Debate. The discussion took a wide range, going back to topics that had agitated the country before the Constitution was formed. The Most Famous Senate Speech January 26, 1830 The debate began simply enough, centering on the seemingly prosaic subjects of tariff and public land policy. Southern ships and Southern sailors were not the instruments of bringing slaves to the shores of America, nor did our merchants reap the profits of that accursed traffic.. Crittenden Compromise Plan & Reception | What was the Crittenden Compromise? Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado. That led into a debate on the economy, in which Webster attacked the institution of slavery and Hayne labeled the policy of protectionist tariffs as the consolidation of a strong central government, which he called the greatest of evils. If these opinions be thought doubtful, they are, nevertheless, I trust, neither extraordinary nor disrespectful. . Though the debate began as a standard policy debate, the significance of Daniel Webster's argument reached far beyond a single policy proposal. More specifically, some of the issues facing Congress during this period included: Robert Y. Hayne served as Senator of South Carolina from 1823 to 1832. . The object of the Framers of the Constitution, as disclosed in that address, was not the consolidation of the government, but the consolidation of the Union. It was not to draw power from the states, in order to transfer it to a great national government, but, in the language of the Constitution itself, to form a more perfect union; and by what means? I spoke, sir, of the ordinance of 1787, which prohibited slavery, in all future times, northwest of the Ohio,[6] as a measure of great wisdom and foresight; and one which had been attended with highly beneficial and permanent consequences. Differences between Northern and Southern ideas of good governance, which eventually led to the American Civil War, were beginning to emerge. Well, you're not alone. South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification 1832 | Crisis, Cause & Issues. 136 lessons . I propose to consider it, and to compare it with the Constitution. Are we in that condition still? He rose, the image of conscious mastery, after the dull preliminary business of the day was dispatched, and with a happy figurative allusion to the tossed mariner, as he called for a reading of the resolution from which the debate had so far drifted, lifted his audience at once to his level. The Webster-Hayne debate, which again was just one section of this greater discussion in the Senate, is traditionally considered to have begun when South Carolina senator Robert Y. Hayne stood to argue against Connecticut's proposal, accusing the northeastern states of trying to stall development of the West so that southern agricultural interests couldn't expand. These irreconcilable views of national supremacy and state sovereignty framed the constitutional struggle that led to Civil War thirty years later. . I understand him to maintain, that the ultimate power of judging of the constitutional extent of its own authority, is not lodged exclusively in the general government, or any branch of it; but that, on the contrary, the states may lawfully decide for themselves, and each state for itself, whether, in a given case, the act of the general government transcends its power. It was plenary then, and never having been surrendered, must be plenary now. But, the simple expression of this sentiment has led the gentleman, not only into a labored defense of slavery, in the abstract, and on principle, but, also, into a warm accusation against me, as having attacked the system of domestic slavery, now existing in the Southern states. Lincoln-Douglas Debates History & Significance | What Was the Lincoln-Douglas Debate? Those who would confine the federal government strictly within the limits prescribed by the Constitutionwho would preserve to the states and the people all powers not expressly delegatedwho would make this a federal and not a national Unionand who, administering the government in a spirit of equal justice, would make it a blessing and not a curse. He was a lawyer turned congressional representative who eventually worked his way to the office of U.S. Secretary of State. We, sir, who oppose the Carolina doctrine, do not deny that the people may, if they choose, throw off any government, when it becomes oppressive and intolerable, and erect a better in its stead. Liberty has been to them the greatest of calamities, the heaviest of curses. . But I take leave of the subject. The people were not satisfied with it, and undertook to establish a better. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 They switched from a. the tariff of 1828 to national power . Drama, suspense, it's all there. Their own power over their own instrument remains. It was motivated by a dispute over the continued sale of western lands, an important source of revenue for the federal government. . . There was no winner or loser in the Webster-Hayne debate. . . Which of the following statements best represents the desires of the Northern states during the debate of Missouri statehood? Benton was rising in renown as the advocate not only of Western settlers but of a new theory that the public lands should be given away instead of sold to them. This leads us to inquire into the origin of this government, and the source of its power. While the debaters argued about slavery, the economy, protection tariffs, and western land, the real implication was the meaning of the United States Constitution. . The Hayne-Webster Debate was an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. Address to the People of the United States, by the What are the main points of difference between Webster and Hayne, especially on the question of the nature of the Union and the Constitution? President Andrew Jackson had just been elected, most of the states got rid of property requirements for voting, and an entire new era of democracy was being born. 1. emigration the movement of people from one place to another 2. immigration a situation in which resources are being used up at a faster rate than they can be replenished 3. migration the leaving of one's homeland to settle in a new place 4. overpopulation the movement of people to a new country 5. sustainable development a situation in which the birth rate is not sufficient to replace the . Most people of the time supported a small central government and strong state governments, so the federal government was much weaker than you might have expected. Perhaps a quotation from a speech in Parliament in 1803 of Lord Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry (17691822) during a debate over the conduct of British officials in India. The whole form and structure of the federal government, the opinions of the Framers of the Constitution, and the organization of the state governments, demonstrate that though the states have surrendered certain specific powers, they have not surrendered their sovereignty. Daniel Webster argued against nullification (the idea that states could disobey federal laws) arguing in favor of a strong federal government which would bind the states together under the Constitution. This means that South Carolina is essentially its own nation, Georgia is its own nation, and so on. A speech by Louisiana Senator Edward Livingston, however, neatly explains how American nationhood encompasses elements of both Webster and Hayne's ideas. If slavery, as it now exists in this country, be an evil, we of the present day found it ready made to our hands. . The Significance of the Frontier in American Histo South Carolinas Ordinance of Nullification. . In contrasting the state of Ohio with Kentucky, for the purpose of pointing out the superiority of the former, and of attributing that superiority to the existence of slavery, in the one state, and its absence in the other, I thought I could discern the very spirit of the Missouri question[1] intruded into this debate, for objects best known to the gentleman himself. All of these ideas, however, are only parts of the main point. I must now beg to ask, sir, whence is this supposed right of the states derived?where do they find the power to interfere with the laws of the Union? . Sir, I may be singularperhaps I stand alone here in the opinion, but it is one I have long entertained, that one of the greatest safeguards of liberty is a jealous watchfulness on the part of the people, over the collection and expenditure of the public moneya watchfulness that can only be secured where the money is drawn by taxation directly from the pockets of the people.

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