naive scientist vs cognitive miser
/LastChar 32 [12], The study of attributions had two effects: it created further interest in testing the naive scientist and opened up a new wave of socialpsychology research that questioned its explanatory power. 72 0 R] 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R -Social comparison: idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people /Widths [278] attribution theory participants can and do use complex systems but only under Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is Copyright 2009-2022, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. [2][20] Given the limited information processing capabilities of individuals, people are always trying to adopt strategies that simplify complex problems. /Header /Sect April 2013 . The nave scientist and attribution theory; Heuristics; The cognitive miser theory; Implications; Updates and later research; References; The term /Group << Fugelsang . "[19] In their work, Kahneman and Tversky demonstrated that people rely upon different types of heuristics or mental short cuts in order to save time and mental energy. Main Point: aside from cognition motivation also plays a large role in the social thinker. >> Naive scientistHeider (1958a) argued that ordinary people are scientific, rational thinkers who make causal attributions using similar processes to those of scientists.NarcissismIndividual differences variable characterized by extremely high but insecure levels of self-esteem. /CS /DeviceRGB 17 0 obj /Producer The process of understanding what something is by knowing /Annots [34 0 R] /CS /DeviceRGB >> Instead, Fiske, Taylor, and ArieW.Kruglanski and other social psychologists offer an alternative explanation of social cognition: the motivatedtactician. stream -A model that accounts for the two basic ways that attitude change occurs - with and without much thought. 0 333 0 667 556 833 667 722 0 0 /Type /Font /GS7 27 0 R >> {\text { Price }} & {\text { Quantity }} \\ /Group << We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Group << -Obedience: submission to authority /LastChar 239 What is an internal versus an external attribution? What is a meta-analysis? By James M. Olson, Mark P. Zanna, C. Peter Herman. /F3 23 0 R Rather than using an in-depth understanding of scientific topics, people make decisions based on other shortcuts or heuristics such as ideological predistortions or cues from mass media, and therefore use only as much information as necessary. This perspective assumes that detailed, deliberate processing is costly or expensive in terms of psychological resources, and our resource capacity is limited. \end{array} endobj [2][3], The term cognitive miser was first introduced by SusanFiske and ShelleyTaylor in 1984. endobj /Group << /Font << Nave Scientists vs Cognitive Misers In 1958, Australian psychologist Fritz Heider proposed that there are 2 fundamental needs as humans that we need to fulfil (in order to survive): The need to understand the world The need to control the world around us "[19] In their work, Kahneman and Tversky demonstrated that people rely upon different types of heuristics or mental short cuts in order to save time and mental energy. [16] [17] [18] Heuristics can be defined as the "judgmental shortcuts that generally get us where we need to goand quicklybut at the cost of occasionally sending us off course. Some pieces of information have a disproportionately largeinfluence on the shaping of the whole, Central traits: traits that have a disproportionate impact on overall impressions, Peripheral traits: traits that have little impact on overall impressions. -Emotion: Americans rated the central figure without basing it off of those around it, Japanese was opposite. "[13] That is to say, people live in a second-handed world with mediated reality, where the simplified model for thinking (i.e., stereotypes) could be created and maintained by external forces. /F1 21 0 R -Exploit the minority to gain your own resources Describe Anchoring & Adjustment Heuristic: audio not yet available for this language, NAIVE SCIENTIST: people use rational scientific-like cause-effectanalyses to understand the world, COGNITIVE MISER: people use the least complex & demandingcognitions that are able to produce generally adaptivebehaviours, IMPRESSION FORMATION: the way in which we developperceptions of a person, Personality Recency: information presented later has more impact thanearlier information, Self schema: individualised knowledge structures about the self, {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":true,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Week 3 Social Psychology","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/week-3-social-psychology-7549740","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. 3 0 obj What is the purpose of the accounting cycle? 1) time - short of time = use cog. /Type /Page /Filter /FlateDecode The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristic s and attributional bias es to explain when and why people are cognitive misers. /FirstChar 32 << z^DIur0rPZaH4mtBg\J7.Wz6lVhm YPvkQ~r`(a`qZb5T&i@yWm0p7&qVC&lRi@Fj\35N#i#`F /1b|U She chooses to stop deliberation and act /Type /Pages -Conformity: Motivation does affect the activation and use of stereotypes and prejudices.[38]. What percentage of the population exhibits racist attitudes? /Parent 2 0 R 343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R 347 0 R 348 0 R 349 0 R 350 0 R 351 0 R 352 0 R] /F3 23 0 R If not, give a counterexample. /StructParents 1 Keith Stanovich . /Contents 40 0 R What is the motivation of the cognitive miser? [9][pageneeded] In this sense people are strategic instead of passively choosing the most effortless shortcuts when they allocate their cognitive efforts, and therefore they can decide to be nave scientists or cognitive misers depending on their goals. /InlineShape /Sect Introducing Cram Folders! << A practical example of cognitive misers' way of thinking in risk assessment of Deepwater Horizon explosion, is presented below. << /BaseFont /Times#20New#20Roman#2CItalic /Type /Page /Kids [5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 2,000 & 11,000 \\ /Lang (en-US) as a representative of a group or an individual separate from any category -Meta Analysis: looks at findings over multiple studies The implications of this theory raise important questions about both cognition and humanbehavior. Essentially, they ask themselves this: "Based on what I know about the candidate personally, what is the probability that this presidential candidate was a good governor? Due to the seemingly smooth current situation, people unconsciously adjusted their acceptance of risk; People tend to over-express their faith and confidence to backup systems and safety devices; People regard complicated technical systems in line with complicated governing structures; If concerned with the certain issue, people tend to spread good news and hide bad news; People tend to think alike if they are in the same field (see also: System 1 generates suggestions for System 2, with impressions, intuitions, intentions or feelings; If System 1's proposal is endorsed by System 2, those impressions and intuitions will turn into beliefs, and the sudden inspiration generated by System 1 will turn into voluntary actions; When everything goes smoothly (as is often the case), System 2 adopts the suggestions of System 1 with little or no modification. /F4 24 0 R What are its real world consequences? >> 9 0 obj >> Much of the cognitive miser theory is built upon work done on heuristicsinjudgmentanddecision-making,[15][pageneeded] most notably AmosTversky and DanielKahneman results published in a series of influential articles. . /F1 21 0 R How does a "cognitive miser" reason? [9][pageneeded]. >> How does the combined spending on both types of consumer goods compare to the spending on services? >> Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending congnitive effort. 20 . For example, people tend to make correspondent reasoning and are likely to believe that behaviors should be correlated to or representative of stable characteristics. >> /P 3 0 R What is conformity? /StructParents 2 >> 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [7], Before Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser theory, the predominant model of social cognition was the nave scientist. /ExtGState << [35], The theory that human beings are cognitive misers, also shed light on the dualprocesstheory in psychology. endobj /Contents 38 0 R /Tabs /S Which of the following is a theoretical example of a consistency seeker model of social cognition? /Type /Page endobj Attempting to observe things freshly and in detail is mentally exhausting, especially among busy affairs. What are behavioral consequences of the threat of isolation? Hence, influence from external factors are unneglectable in shaping peoples stereotypes. -Tied to these beliefs What is social facilitation? << 333 0 R 334 0 R 335 0 R 336 0 R 337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R 342 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R 233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R /F1 21 0 R endobj /S /Transparency >> >> /Type /Group Naive scientist b. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5*#H-B^]gOh #xQfy%^0X(?N,S )? >> Before this, human thinking was. > unusual & distinctive attracts our attention> signifies potential danger detection has survival value. [2][20], Voting behavior in democracies are an arena in which the cognitive miser is at work. What topics are of interest to Social Psychologists? >> /Group << [5][6] These shortcuts include the use of schemas, scripts, stereotypes, and other simplified perceptual strategies instead of careful thinking. What is the "foot-in-the-door" technique? [7], Before Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser theory, the predominant model of social cognition was the nave scientist. The brain in your pocket: evidence that smartphones are used to supplant thinking . /Parent 2 0 R /Type /StructTreeRoot -Dissonance: being aware of bad behaviors, conflicting behaviors or beliefs. be a cognitive miser, and second categorization clarifies and redefines our People can be cognitive misers over naive scientists but the attribution theory participants can and do use complex systems but only under certain conditions. Consistency seeker: motivated by perceived discrepancies among their cognitions. What is an attribution? 667 556 611 722 722 944 0 0 0 333 /S /Transparency 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /S /Transparency >> >> The basic principle is to save mental energy as much as possible, even when it is required to "use your head". >> Sie suchen nach einem 70413 lego, das Ihren Ansprchen gerecht wird? /Type /Group /Widths [250 0 0 0 0 0 778 0 0 0 /Subtype /Type1 /RoleMap 18 0 R -Culture: the traditions of a certain group of people /Type /Group x[[Ggc%adp 3 t_hbdK _TwUt5vQ_Nw.{1_.;?nEM]0{?;a}|o/91m~?=>6Gc;xv;{x^(]G!=ig/ho#1na{quo|8Lg?b79?=|xCd]%ZtnrYHo/cauo~qeiL&'?Yv:woa =)Cnf;ZyK|HJ!C|XzfNbpyf`|*F -Out group: (them) [18] However, in relying upon heuristics instead of detailed analysis, like the information processing employed by Heider's nave scientist, biased information processing is more likely to occur. Versailles Co., a womens clothing store, purchased $18,000\$18,000$18,000 of merchandise from a supplier on account, terms FOB destination, 2/102/102/10, n/30\text{n}/30n/30. applied to all aspects of our lives, it saves us time and cognitive processing, as. How did the experimenters increase inter-group hostility between the two groups of boys? students and group work, are you assertive? /BaseFont /Times-Bold >> 124 0 R 125 0 R 126 0 R 127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 133 0 R Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association, Social Psychology: Bringing It All Together, Summative (additive model): the valence of all traits are summed, Averaging: the valence of all traits are averaged, Weighted averaging: the valence of all traits are first weighted (based on the importance of the variable within the context) and then averaged regarded as the, People may sense the world similarly, but perceive it differently. [25] However, the relationship between information and attitudes towards scientific issues are not empirically supported. -1 in 5 people exhibit racist attitudes, MODERN: cognitive /Annotation /Sect << What are the major forms of household income? >> -How humans think and behave like they do, Briefly describe the history of this area of psychology. That's it. -Behavioral tendencies: (avoidance, active discrimination), -Stereotype: a positive or negative belief about the characteristics of a group that is applied generally to most members of that group. >> >> [32] Audiences' attitude change is closely connected with relabeling or re-framing the certain issue. 14 0 obj What is culture? endobj The cognitive miser . Transcribed image text: Question 33 (Mandatory) (1 point) The perspective that our needs, values, or goals at a given time impact our categorization of other people is known as the view. . /Type /Page /Type /Group Popkin's analysis is based on one main premise: voters use low information rationality gained in their daily lives, through the media and through personal interactions, to evaluate candidates and facilitate electoral choices. As cognitive simplification, it is useful for realistic economic management, otherwise people will be overwhelmed by the complexity of the real rationales. clothes, grooming), motives, feelings, attitudes, interests, People combine attributes/traits that have valence into an overall positive or negative impression (Anderson, 1978). They are often surprised by the complex reality of the world. the degree to which something is extreme) is The Nave Scientist Attribution theory Making Attributions Attributional Biases The Cognitive Miser Heuristics The Motivated Tactician Social Categorization Basic Principles Why Do We Categorize? "The subtlest and most pervasive of all influences are those which create and maintain the repertory of stereotypes. >> 0 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 In other words, this theory suggests that humans are, in fact, both naive scientists and cognitive misers. How does a "flawed scientist" reason? [39] Kruglanski proposed that people are combination of nave scientists and cognitive misers: people are flexible social thinkers who choose between multiple cognitive strategies (i.e., speed/ease vs. accuracy/logic) based on their current goals, motives, and needs. /Resources << 6 [194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R 203 0 R 322 0 R 323 0 R 324 0 R 325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R 330 0 R 331 0 R provides open learning resources for your academics, careers, intellectual development, and other wisdom related purposes.