aortic size index calculator

Tseng SY, Tretter JT, Gao Z, Ollberding NJ, Lang SM. or B.A.Z.). In international guidelines, preemptive surgical intervention criteria for thoracic ascending aortic aneurysm (TAAA) are based on absolute raw aortic diameter: 5.5 cm for asymptomatic TAAA and between 4.0 and 5.0 cm for various genetically effectuated aortopathies.1, 2 These size cutoffs in turn are based on the established, escalating yearly On and off pump CABG. Updated standardized endpoint definitions for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 consensus document (VARC-2). Guilt by association: a paradigm for detection of silent aortic disease. We are comfortable with this new method of prediction based on body size. Natural history of thoracic aortic aneurysms: indications for surgery, and surgical versus nonsurgical risks. The average annual rate of adverse events (rupture, dissection, rupture or dissection, death (each alone separately), and a composite of rupture, dissection, and death) in 6 groups of aortic sizes was calculated by number of occurrences over the average duration of observations as follows: Growth rate estimates of the ascending aorta were obtained using an instrumental variables approach as previously described by our group. Before Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers may be used in combination with beta-blockers, titrated to the lowest tolerable blood pressure without adverse effects (evidence level B).1. In accordance with JTCVS preference, we provide a surgical video illustrating a prophylactic operation in a patient with an ascending aortic aneurysm involving the arch and great vessels. 2019 Oct 15;74(15):1883-1894. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.07.078. It had never seemed correct that a tiny gymnast and a much larger basketball player could share the same aortic criterion for intervention. This can help to identify a patient with an aortic aneurysm who is at increased risk for complications. 2019 May;157(5):1733-1745. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.124. Therapies & Procedures The 2022 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) aortic disease guideline provides recommendations on the diagnosis, evaluation, medical therapy, endovascular and surgical intervention, and long-term surveillance of patients with aortic disease across its multiple clinical presentations. 1,15. How does the ascending aorta geometry change when it dissects?. Care of patients with aortic diseases remains highly complex and requires the combined expertise of a multidisciplinary team of cardiovascular surgeons, neurologists, cardiac anesthesiologists, vascular surgeons, and specialized advanced practice providers. The Doppler Velocity Index (DVI) is useful for assessing aortic prosthetic valve function as well as screening for valve obstruction. Updated standardized endpoint definitions for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 consensus document (VARC-2). All of the references Indexing absolute aortic diameter to anthropometric measurements provides individualized risk classification in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm. Ascending aortic geometry and its relationship to the biomechanical properties of aortic tissue. Time-dependent ROC curves for censored survival data and a diagnostic marker. IntroductionKidney dysfunction is common in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and correction of the aortic valve by transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) often affects kidney function. Natural history of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.01.026. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of ASI and aortic diameter on rupture rates and perioperative outcomes following aneurysm repair in female patients. Predicting the risk of an acute dissection in patients with an aortic aneurysmwhether in the root or in the ascending aorta, whether in patients with connective tissue disease or patients with bicuspid valvehas never been very accurate. 2017, Received: Epub 2019 Sep 13. Official reports from the Department of Radiology at YaleNew Haven Hospital were also consulted. We seek to evaluate the height-based aortic height index (AHI) versus ASI for risk estimation and revisit our natural history calculations. Keywords: Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was instituted. When the left ventricle contracts, the pressure rises in the left ventricle, and once it is above the pressure in the aorta, the aortic valve to open and allows blood flow into the aorta and thereby into the rest of the body. For further reading: Colan SD: Appendix: Normal Echocardiographic Values for Cardiovascular Structures, in Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease From Fetus to [] Objective: To investigate the influence of indexation on the prevalence of severe aortic stenosis and on the predictive . 2017, Received in revised form: If you heart is set on the circulatory system, why not visit our other related tools, like the heart rate calculator, the HEART score calculator, or the EROA mitral regurgitation calculator, another valvular disease? and transmitted securely. Cut-off values for severe stenosis are <1.0 cm2 for AVA and <0.6 cm2/m2 for AVAindex. Table 3 Threshold values of the diameters, aortic size index, and aortic height index indicating the upper two standard deviations (2 SD, 95%) of the normally distributed data in the subgroup of patients with no hypertension, coronary artery disease, or bicuspid or mechanical aortic valve . The tables in the present study include rupture, dissection, and death in the calculations. Elefteriades JA. eCollection 2023. If you want to know more about aortic stenosis, check the American Heart Association website. Aortic Size Assessment by Noncontrast Cardiac Computed Tomography: Normal Limits by Age, Gender, and Body Surface Area. Authors have nothing to disclose with regard to commercial support. A drawback of using aortic diameter in this regard for risk estimation is the inability to factor in a significant determinant of aortic dimensions: the patient's body size. Raw data was not published. The intersection gives the aortic size index (ASI), which correlates closely with aortic behavior. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. The task force for the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Would you like email updates of new search results? The content of this website is exclusively reserved for Healthcare Professionals in countries with applicable health authority product registrations, except those practicing in France as some of the content is not in compliance with the French Advertising law N2011-2012 dated 29th December 2011, article 34. 1 2023 Feb 28;13(1):38-50. doi: 10.21037/cdt-22-477. Background To account for differences in body size in patients with aortic stenosis, aortic valve area (AVA) is divided by body surface area (BSA) to calculate indexed AVA (AVA index ). Calculation of percentiles utilizes the published averages and standard deviations for the binned age and BSA groups and assumes a normal distribution of size diameters within each interval. 2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease: executive summary. The .gov means its official. Epub 2018 Feb 2. is rarely associated with significant elevations in blood pressure and should be encouraged. This peak velocity ratio is dimensionless and does not . Feeling full even after a small meal. The AHI offers another, simple alternative index for assessing the impact of a particular aortic size in a particular patient. :! tZf|}68meG.Hio)0*6&x. Any high risk pain feature. While there are no published guidelines regarding activity restrictions in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm, we use a graded approach based on aortic diameter: We also recommend not lifting anything heavier than half of ones body weight and to avoid breath-holding or performing the Valsalva maneuver while lifting. The site is secure. The aneurysmal innominate artery and the left common carotid artery were resected. aneurysm diameter (in cm) by each measure of body size; for example, BSA index aneurysm diameter (cm)/BSA (m2). Eur Heart J. June 2012;33(12):1518-1529. SVI is very easy to compute and involves the following equation: Stroke volume index = Stroke volume in mL / Body surface area in m 2. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Aortic valve morphology (bicuspid or trileaflet) was confirmed by direct visual inspection during aortic aneurysm surgery or by echocardiography in patients who did not undergo aneurysm surgery. Logistic regression analysis of factors predicting the composite endpoint of rupture and dissection, based on aortic size, KaplanMeier estimates of freedom from death (A), rupture or dissection (B), and rupture, dissection, or death (C) as stratified by aortic height index (, KaplanMeier estimates of freedom from death (A), rupture or dissection (B), and rupture, dissection, or death (C) as stratified by aortic size index (, Cox proportional hazards regression for freedom from death (A), rupture or dissection (B), and rupture, dissection, or death (C) as stratified by aortic size index (, Cox proportional hazards regression for freedom from death (A), rupture or dissection (B), and rupture, dissection, or death (C) as stratified by aortic height index (, Factors predicting the composite endpoint of rupture, dissection, and death based on aortic size index and aortic height index. In 1997, our group first reported on the natural history of the thoracic aorta. For patients presenting for the first time with an aneurysm, it is reasonable to obtain definitive aortic imaging with CT or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), then to repeat imaging at six months to document stability. . Please enter a term before submitting your search. Because of their small stature, ascending aortic diameters of <5 cm may represent significant dilatation; thus, the use of aortic size index is preferred. You will need three values to perform the calculations: Let's assume that for our exemplary patient those values are equal to 2.5cm2.5\ \text{cm}2.5cm, 25cm25\ \text{cm}25cm, and 50cm50\ \text{cm}50cm, respectively. 2021 Feb;161(2):498-511.e1. When we used the BSA-based index, we always wondered how the aorta knew how heavy the patient was, and how the weight would affect the normal size of the aorta for that patient. Although our aortic size to height ratio is aimed at compensating for the risk differences skewed by stature, it should be noted that aortic size and behavior may be considerably influenced by sex. 2022 Feb;75(2):515-525. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.08.060. Observational study of regional aortic size referenced to body size: production of a cardiovascular magnetic resonance nomogram. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. A Z score of zero means that the aortic measurement is the average size for a girl with TS with that height and weight. 2018 May;155(5):1925. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.11.053. Evidence of perfusion deficit (pulse deficit, systolic BP differential, or focal neuro deficit plus pain), new aortic insufficiency murmur (with pain), hypotension/shock. To a cardiologist at the time of diagnosis. Dr. Svensson is a cardiothoracic surgeon and Chairman of Cleveland Clinics Miller Family Heart & Vascular Institute. By Frank Cikach, MD; Milind Y. Desai, MD; Eric E. Roselli, MD; Vidyasagar Kalahasti, MD; and Lars G. Svensson, MD, PhD, Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Normal limits in relation to age, body size and gender of two-dimensional echocardiographic aortic root dimensions in persons 15 years of age. Aortic dissection in patients with bicuspid aortic valveassociated aneurysms. Aortic cross-sectional area/height ratio and outcomes in patients with a trileaflet aortic valve and a dilated aorta. For the purpose of this study, the ascending aorta and arch (from the aortic annulus to the left subclavian artery) were considered one unit, and the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal portions (distal to the left subclavian artery) was considered a separate unit, reflecting the natural dichotomy of TAA disease above and below the ligamentum arteriosum (nonarteriosclerotic and arteriosclerotic, respectively). Height supersedes weight: Height-diameter indexing keeps you ahead of the game. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. In 1997, our group first reported on the natural history of the thoracic aorta. Dr. Kalahasti is Medical Director of the Marfan and Connective Tissue Disorder Clinic in the Aorta Center. In a recent study by Masri and colleagues. Aortic Root Z-Score Calculator Data Input Form Z-scores of the aortic root (aortic annulus, sinuses of Valsalva, sinotubular junction, and ascending aorta) are commonly reported for conditions such as Marfan syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve, and Kawasaki disease. Regression models incorporating body size, age and gender are applicable to adolescents and adults without limitations of previous nomograms. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. A Z score below -2 means the measurement is small for body size and a score larger than +2 means that the measurement is large for body size. Both ASI and AHI were shown to be significant predictors of complications (P < .05). A recent paper reported centile charts of aortic dimensions across for BSA using echocardiogram in 451 children and adults with TS allowing for calculation of Z scores. What is the appropriate size criterion for resection of thoracic aortic aneurysms?. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. The size criteria are based on underlying genetic etiology, if known, and on the behavior and natural course of the aneurysm. To update your cookie settings, please visit the, Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery: Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual, Variety is the spice of life: One-stage or two-stage repair of extensive chronic thoracic aortic dissection. The concept of indexing aortic dimensions to patient stature to better inform surgical decision making in patient with aneurysms was proposed by Svensson and colleagues. Background: To account for differences in body size in patients with aortic stenosis, aortic valve area (AVA) is divided by body surface area (BSA) to calculate indexed AVA (AVAindex). The innominate and left common carotid arteries were grafted and connectedto the main graft. Aortic diameters and long-term complications of 780 patients with TAAA were analyzed. The coefficient estimates for both ASI and AHI demonstrate a statistically significant effect on the complication rate (. Wojnarski CM, Svensson LG, Roselli EE, et al. Kappetein AP, Head SJ, Gnreux P, et al. and by another senior team member (M.A.Z. Aorta and Pulmonary Artery Normal Diameter Size Range, Calculate Percentile and Upper Bound - Radiology Universe Institute Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Diameter Percentile Calculator (Adult) contributed by Michal Kulon, MD on 9/15/2015 Methods Aorta Diameter Normal Range Data The Society no longer advocates division into 'mild' or 'moderate . We previously introduced the aortic size index (ASI), defined as aortic size/body surface area (BSA), as a predictor of aortic dissection, rupture, and death. Svensson LG, Kim KH, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM. ASI Versus AHI as a Predictor of Complications, Area under curve analysis for aortic size index (, Analyses Excluding Patients With Marfan Syndrome and Bicuspid Aortic Valve. In this article, we demonstrate that compared with the BSA-based ASI, the height-based aortic height index (AHI) provides equal or superior prediction of aortic events, as depicted in the area under the curve analysis. This information was most useful for very small and very large patients. Does being overweight reduce accuracy in predicting an acute aortic dissection? Aortic size remains an important surgical intervention criterion and an accurate predictor of the natural risks of TAA. A dream come true? Patients with an LV ejection fraction of 36-49% are defined as 'impaired LV ejection fraction'. Loeys BL, Schwarze U, Holm T, et al. Where: Stroke volume = Cardiac Output / Heart rate in bpm. Raw data was not published; the normality of the sizes within the raw data therefore could not be verified. You just clicked a link to go to another website. October 17, In addition, many studies have used the parameters calculated from B-mode images to evaluate the mechanical property of the aorta, including the aortic size index (ASI), a ratio of aortic diameter and body surface area, or aortic root z-score [9,45,46]. 2018 May;155(5):1951-1952. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.11.062. Now, as our aortic patient database has grown from 230 at the time of our original publications to some 4000 today, we are able to make much more powerful statistical calculations. The third additional method is using the velocity ratio (also called dimensionless index). Growth rate estimates, yearly complication rates, and survival were assessed. Dr. Roselli is Surgical Director of the Aorta Center. The aorta increases in diameter by 0.7 to 1.9 mm per year if not dilated, and larger-diameter aortas grow faster. How is the aortic valve area index calculated? You can use it to evaluate the severity of aortic stenosis. MeSH Initial screening and follow-up. For example, heavy lifting should be discouraged, as it may increase blood pressure significantly for short periods of time.1,2 The increased wall stress, in theory, could initiate dissection or rupture. However, rarely are thoracic aneurysms symptomatic unless they rupture or dissect. In the event of a discrepancy, data were reevaluated in a core meeting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. contributed equally to this work. Last updated: 30 Mar 2013|Home|About|Contact|Disclaimer|Top, measurements are made in systole, at the moment of maximum expansion, measurements are made from "inside edge-to-inside" edge, i.e., the intraluminal dimension, the aortic valve is measured from the hinge points (inner edges), vascular measurements are made perpendicular to the long axis of the vessel, vascular measurements are made at end-diastole, measurements are made from "leading edge-to-leading edge". The Canadian Society of Echocardiography has been their home on the web since 2005. The innominate and left common carotid arteries were grafted and connectedto the main graft. Blood flows out of the heart and into the aorta through the aortic valve. A descending aorta has a slope of 0.16*age and is calculated with the formula D(mm). We previously introduced the aortic size index (ASI), defined as aortic size/body surface area (BSA), as a predictor of aortic dissection, rupture, and death. Recent evidence indicates that the aorta grows by 7 to 8mm at the instant of dissection. Sex-specific criteria for repair should be utilized in patients undergoing aortic aneurysm repair. Discrimination measures for survival outcomes: connection between the AUC and the predictiveness curve. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services Policy. Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch in 62,125 Patients Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: From the STS/ACC TVT) Registry. commonly reported for conditions such as Marfan syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve, and Kawasaki disease. Reports lacking accompanying images that could be measured were strictly excluded from the study. Assessment of shape-based features ability to predict the ascending aortic aneurysm growth. References: Normal limits in relation to age, body size and gender of two-dimensional echocardiographic aortic root dimensions in persons 15 years of age. 18 In patients who have no other conditions, the guidelines recommend surgery when the aortic root, ascending aorta, or aortic arch reaches 5.5 cm and when the descending aorta reaches 6.0 cm ( 5.5 cm with endovascular stenting). This study of the natural history of TAAA permits the following conclusions: The natural risk of rupture and dissection based on aortic size increases sharply at 2 hinge points: 5.25 to 5.50cm and 5.75 to 6.00cm. BSA was computed using the Dubois and Dubois formula. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Wolak A, Gransar H, Thomson LJ, et al. However, weight might not contribute substantially to aortic size and growth. We hope this nomogram is useful to clinicians in the difficult process of making the decision to proceed with prophylactic aortic surgery based on aortic diameter in asymptomatic patients. An official website of the United States government. Distribution of maximal ascending aortic size of the patients before an endpoint or aortic surgery. Chest, back, or abdominal pain described as abrupt onset, severe intensity, or ripping/tearing. The following flow chart outlines our approach to initial screening and follow-up. Relative importance of aneurysm diameter and body size for predicting abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture in men and women. Background: In international guidelines, risk estimation for thoracic ascending aortic aneurysm (TAAA) is based on aortic diameter. Elefteriades JA. ASIs (cm/m2) of 2.05, 2.08 to 2.95, 3.00 to 3.95 and 4, and AHIs (cm/m) of 2.43, 2.44 to 3.17, 3.21 to 4.06, and 4.1 were associated with a 4%, 7%, 12%, and 18% average yearly risk of complications, respectively. Proposing a major heart operation to a symptom-free and otherwise healthy patient with a dilated aorta is not always easy and carries a lot of responsibility for the surgeon and a lot of stress for the patient. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.10.125. . Background: Patients with aortic dissection are often noted to have performed activities associated with straining, particularly involving rapid upper chest rotation, such as in tennis, golf, swinging an ax, throwing rocks, etc. Thoracic aortic aneurysm clinically pertinent controversies and uncertainties. Novel measurement of relative aortic size predicts rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysms. This post is excerpted and adapted from a recent review article in Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine (2018[June];85:481-492), focusing on that articles discussion of management of thoracic aortic aneurysm following diagnosis and classification. The authors are fromo Yale University. CT, MRI, TEE, and TTE data were analyzed to determine aortic sizes. Height supersedes weight: Height-diameter indexing keeps you ahead of the game. Moreover, weight fluctuates throughout the lifespan and can be deliberately influenced. Roughly the diameter of a garden hose, the artery extends from your heart down through your chest and into your abdomen, where it divides into a blood . Recommending elective surgery for proximal thoracic aortic pathology at a given diameter remains a dynamic process, periodically shifting a few millimeters up or down the scale along with the current literature and the current perception. How does this stroke volume index calculator work? Assessment of survival in retrospective studies: the Social Security Death Index is not adequate for estimation. Treatment should be tailored to the patients clinical scenario, the site of the aneurysm, family history and the estimated risk of rupture or dissection, balanced against the individual centers outcomes of elective aortic replacement.3, For example, young and otherwise healthy patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm and a family history of aortic dissection (who may be more likely to have connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome or vascular Ehler-Danlos syndrome) may elect to undergo repair when the aneurysm reaches or nearly reaches the diameter of that of the family members aorta when dissection occurred.1 On the other hand, an aneurysm of degenerative etiology (e.g., related to smoking or hypertension) measuring less than 5.0 to 5.5 cm in an older patient with comorbidities poses a lower risk of a catastrophic event such as dissection or rupture than the risk of surgery.4, Thresholds for surgery. However, it is unclear whether the weight . Consequently, we considered that indexing aortic size to height alone might be a more precise and simpler risk assessment tool. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Circulation. No gender difference in the degree of dilatation with increasing BSA was seen (p>0.5). PMC Editor's Note: Please see Part 2 of the Aortic Disease Guideline Key Perspectives. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services Policy. Aortic wall shear stress in bicuspid aortic valve disease-10-year follow-up. 17-23 These studies are, however, limited by either number of participants, 17-19 fewer aortic landmarks included in the measurements 20, 21 or using non-contrast enhancement CT, 22, 23 for example, previously reported normal . The proximal anastomosis was performed with running suture, with reinforcement of the posterior wall. In 2006, Davies et al 11 showed that aortic size index (ASI), which is defined as aortic diameter (cm)/BSA(m 2), is a better predictor of adverse aortic events than diameter alone, and that a simple nomogram could be used to stratify those with aortic aneurysms into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups. Sex differences in abdominal aortic aneurysm: the role of sex hormones. If the aortic dimensions remain stable, annual follow-up with CT or MRA is reasonable.1. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Aortic size index (ASI), which indexes the aortic diameter to body surface area, was proposed as a more sensitive measure to determine threshold for repair. Subjects with inuential predictors or mani- Indexed aortic areas >10 cm 2 /m. Does being overweight reduce accuracy in predicting an acute aortic dissection? In international guidelines, risk estimation for thoracic ascending aortic aneurysm (TAAA) is based on aortic diameter. 8600 Rockville Pike A.S., C.A.V., and A.M.M. Michelena HI, Khanna AD, Mahoney D, et al. Additional recommendations for screening of family members and referral to clinical geneticists can be discussed at this juncture. Atypical aortic arch branching variants: a novel marker for thoracic aortic disease. We previously introduced the aortic size index (ASI), defined as aortic size/body surface area (BSA), as a predictor of aortic dissection, rupture, and death. The ascending aorta was opened. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! But if one person is heavier than the other (and thus has a greater BSA), the ASI will assign the heavier individual a lower risk of adverse events. In spite of that fact, most of the references use the same technique: The reference data from Paris is performed using measurement techniques performed according to their interpretation of the then-current 2005 Guidelines: Thus, the available references cited herein are not entirely comparable based on their dissimilar methodolgies. Current guidelines recommend prophylactic surgical intervention at an aortic diameter of 5.5 cm for asymptomatic patients, and between 4.0 and 5.0 cm for Marfan syndrome and other genetically-mediated thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) ( 2 ). THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CARDIAC CHAMBER QUANTIFICATION IN ADULTS: A QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE FROM THE ASE WORKFLOW AND LAB MANAGEMENT TASK FORCE Accurate and reproducible assessment of cardiac chamber size and function is essential for clinical care. Aortic valve area calculation by the Gorlin formula is an indirect method of determining AVA based on the flow through the valve during ventricular systole divided by the systolic pressure gradient across the valve times a constant (44.3). Finding an aortic aneurysm before it ruptures offers your best chance of recovery. PK ! Growth rate estimates, yearly complication rates, and survival were assessed. A patient was considered to have a positive family history of TAAA if a relative or relatives of the patient had a TAA or aortic dissection confirmed on an imaging study (computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], transthoracic echocardiography [TTE], or transesophageal echocardiography [TEE]), intraoperatively, or on autopsy. signicant (p 0.05) and strong inuence on aortic size (nonstandardized beta coefcient 0.5 in ab-solute value, meaning either 0.5 mm or 0.5 mm). Predictability of acute aortic dissection. obtained and body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) were calculated using the Mosteller (5) method. Copyright 2017 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Aortic height index, cm/m, meanSD (range), Reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works, Redistribute or republish the final article. November 2012;42(5):S45-S60. Cardiac Consult provides information from the Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute specialists about state-of-the-art diagnostic and management techniques. Zafar MA, Chen JF, Wu J, Li Y, Papanikolaou D, Abdelbaky M, Faggion Vinholo T, Rizzo JA, Ziganshin BA, Mukherjee SK, Elefteriades JA; Yale Aortic Institute Natural History Investigators. for height: 1.519+(age [yrs]*0.010) + (ht [cm]*.010)-(sex [1=M, 2=F]*.247) SEE = 0.215 cm.

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