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Moreover, it is artificial: no human phenomena ever exist in a vacuum. Geography, of course, does not drive religious belief. Geographical and geological conditions, which change very slowly, underlie agrarian religion in the Levant. Write an essay of at least one page that describes how religion can be used as a moral guide. Each had its own contribution to the region. Agrarian religious culture is therefore naturally slow to change and associated with a longue-dure perspective (Grehan 2014, 16). China stretches for about 3,250 miles (5,250 km) from east to west and 3,400 miles (5,500 km) from north to south. The diversity of both Chinas relief and its climate has resulted in one of the worlds widest arrays of ecological niches, and these niches have been filled by a vast number of plant and animal species. 2010. A more contemporary approach to the study of the intersections of geography and religion not only highlights the role of religion in affecting landscape changes and in assigning sacred meanings to specific places, but also acknowledges how in turn, religious ideology and practice at specific spaces are guided and transformed by their location. Answered: How did geography affect religious | bartleby The Splintered Divine: A Study of Itar, Baal, and Yahweh Divine Names and Divine Multiplicity in the Ancient Near East, Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Records 5. Its land frontier is about 12,400 miles (20,000 km) in length, and its coastline extends for some 8,700 miles (14,000 km). An error occurred trying to load this video. 6 What are the effects of religion to our culture? 1: 144. A geographer might conclude that Yemen is likely to have very few converts from Islam to Christianity. Southern China has a very subtropical climate and remains mildly warm to hot throughout the year. They represent moments-in-time; each text, image, or site functions like a small window into history. Sacred sites in the region intimately are related to geography, and often were hulled from the rocky landscape or simply created around natural wonders, consisting of holy mountains, noteworthy rock formations, and caves especially caves with access to subterranean water. They also had interaction with Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Laos, Srilanka, and Singapore. Despite similar characteristics between Baal-Hadad, Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir, and the fact that, for at least the past 800 years, local agricultural communities of Jews, Christians, Muslims, Druze, Alawites, and others have venerated and often conjoined these figures, outside of the Eastern Mediterranean, the linkages between these figures previously were unable to be seen. The most obvious change in political institutions was that the old feudal structure was replaced by systems of incipient bureaucracy under monarchy. Unit 9.3: Classical Civilizations has long vexed users of the New Visions Social Studies Curriculum. However, the political interest was more on internal land than water. Ancient China was isolated in early times due to China's physical geography. 223 lessons. Study 36 Terms | Chapter 4: Ancient India & China Flashcards | Quizlet What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? Religious traditions are always a product of both time and place. China is located in East Asia and at the West is the Pacific Ocean. These names do not refer to separate deities, but instead should be considered manifestations of Baal-Hadad as associated with a particular locality (Allen 2015; Schwemer 2008, 15-16; Haddad 1960, 46). 2014. However, in the Eastern Mediterranean, where those figures originated, they share characteristics sometimes considered peculiar, or anomalous: in the Eastern Mediterranean region known as the Levant, similarities between these figures largely have revolved around the geographical and meteorological motifs of rain, storms, thunder, lightning, greenness, fertility, fecundity, the ability to appear and disappear, associations with mountains and other high places, local feast or celebration days of April 23, and the motif of vanquishing a dragon. In China, the fertile land and abundant resources led to the development of complex agricultural societies, which in turn led to the development of polytheistic and animistic religions such as Taoism and Confucianism. For example, in Yemen, it is illegal to convert from Islam to another religion. My own book Sacred Worlds: an introduction to Geography and Religion, was published in 1994. Omissions? The Gobi Desert is very large and diverse in topography, which also makes its climate very different. This would constitute apostasy, a crime which is punishable by death. I feel like its a lifeline. The summer monsoons would bring in much needed water for agriculture, but sometimes flooded the river valley regions across central China. Everest being the highest peak. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Although there is not space in this forum to detail this argument, in my recent book, Geography, Religion, Gods, and Saints in the Eastern Mediterranean (New York: Routledge, 2020), which is the product of nearly a decade of research, I investigate the regional importance and longevity of the storm-god Baal-Hadad, as well as subsequent local counterparts such as Levantine Zeus, Jupiter, and even St. George, and alternative and corollary figures like Hebrew Bible Elijah, Late Antique Elijah, and al-Khir. How does geography affect culture? In West Asia, the harsh desert environment and the scarcity of resources led to the development of monotheistic religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. How did geography affect religious events and development in West Asia,in the Indian subcontinent and in China? A traditional world religions perspective remains prevalent within religious studies textbooks and theoretical approaches (Asad 1993, 27-54; Masuzawa 2005). Based on geography, one can often predict a given person's religious faith with a reasonable degree of certainty. The Eastern Mediterranean was shaped by certain geographical and climatological forces that enabled life, through rainfall agriculture, but that also limited life, due to a lack of largescale irrigative rivers, constant aridity, and the blight of frequent drought. Similarly, religious groups may have disputes related to historical land ownership. For example take Canada its mainly made up of the protestant religion. Understanding the interaction between a natural environment and various human and cultural patterns is an essential aspect of geography. Religion also helps people comprehend death. The surrounding desert, mountains, and seas created natural barriers which protected the Ancient Chinese civilization from outside invaders. How geography influences religion and religion affect culture? Most of Europe, the Americas, and many African countries are characterized by a Christian heritage that has made most of the population Christian today. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Updates? Central to Chinas long-enduring identity as a unitary country is the province, or sheng (secretariat). Even irreligious people are profoundly influenced by religious ideas, practices, and power. 4. Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - China, China - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), China - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Biden hosts Philippines leader Marcos as China tensions grow, Biden, Marcos set to meet as tensions grow with China, Chinese who reported on COVID to be released after 3 years, US ex-security adviser calls for closer ties with Taiwan, Foreign companies in China face growing scrutiny, pressure. The Construction of Religion as an Anthropological Category. In, Haddad, Hassan S. 1969. One major geographical feature of Ancient China is the Gobi Desert. There are just too many topics cover! 1993. Similar phenomena and characteristics neither appear in the mythological or cosmogonic stories of warmer-weather locations, like the Levant, nor would they have resonated with the same effect among people there. However, until the Enlightenment, this distinction was rarely made. Al-Khir and Elijah are associated as well, especially in Islamic religious texts, and al-Khir and St. George share iconographical representation (mounted on horseback or standing, vanquishing a dragon, snake, or human foe underfoot). In other cultures, it is not uncommon for that conflict to be bloody. However, it is important to note that Judaism is both a religious and an ethnic identity. Just because of one belief Adolf Hitler had, millions died. Influence of geography on language development can be of many types: 1. In China ownership of a map indicated sovereignty over the land it depicted. She has been a classroom teacher for more than 16 years and currently works at an international baccalaureate middle school located in Houston, TX. What is the importance of our faith in God?a. That is because a traditional world religions perspective of these figures understood the figures only in isolation, uprooted from their local settings, and separated from their local communities. Religious groups often have long memories, and they can harbor resentment over past persecution for centuries. To that end, and as compared with a traditional world religions paradigm, theories associated with the field of Geography of Religion represent a more-promising approach for understanding the ways in which locality and temporality inform religious phenomena. In addition to the 14 countries that border directly on it, China also faces South Korea and Japan, across the Yellow Sea, and the Philippines, which lie beyond the South China Sea. Its early civilization stayed contained within the natural barriers and did not start spreading until trade routes were developed. The floods would sometimes become uncontrollable, until the Chinese developed a system . Each of these affects the development of religion in a given area. What that means is that these figures usually have been studied only from within their individual religious traditions. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. succeed. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Expert Answers. Agrarian religion in the Levant consists of a fine attunement to the essentially agrarian conditions of everyday existence; as much urban as it was rural, it was the expression of an entire social and economic order whose rhythms were tied to the slow turnings of the seasons, and finely attuned to the vagaries of earth, sky, and environment (Grehan 2014, 140 and 16). Shorn of long-term associations in community practice and in iconography, Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir are known among their respective religious communities around the world mainly by the content of their canonical texts. For many in these collectivist societies, one's religion is determined by the culture and reinforced through family legacy. She has a Master's degree in History. Many of these features . Geography of Religion as A Theory: Geography Shapes Religion "Geography is far more important in the study of religions than is generally appreciated. 55. Author of. The tallest mountains in the world, the Himalayan Mountains, are located on the southwestern border of China and served as a natural barrier for any influence or invasion from the west. in American Studies, the study of American history/society/culture. 2015. By resurrecting past wrongs, people conjure up a cycle of violence. The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies Part One, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 7, no. The second tropical rainforest is the Xishuangbanna in the Yunnan Province, located on the southwest tip of China. Create your account. This shaping influence extends naturally to the religious traditions that develop in certain places, affecting the figures, metaphors, motifs, and physical structures that are relevant in certain areas of the world. This is an indication of the influence that geography has on religion. However, cultural influences do not just change the external shape of religion. Thus, the geography of these regions played a major role in shaping the development and spread of religions. Phenomena and characteristics associated with agrarian religion endured in the region for a very long time indeed, and only began to be eclipsed during the course of the twentieth century CE. In general, the Eastern Mediterranean is arid, with rainfall totals decreasing from north to south and west to east, and with drought being a regular climatological condition. What are the effects of geography on language development? How did geography affect religious events and development in West Asia,in the Indian subcontinent and in China? By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Religion helps people understand life's purpose. Early Chinese civilization was largely influenced by the Yellow River and its annual floods. Why do dominant languages continue to spread around the world? Geography of Religion as a Method: Geographical Contextualization. Pretend that you are a geographer studying religion. Throughout history, rivers such as the Yangtze and Huang He rivers made China thrive for thousands of years. The negative side of increased exposure to other cultures is that this brings some rare languages to the brink of extinction. These religions emphasized the importance of living a simple and spiritual life, which was well suited to the harsh living conditions of the desert. Centripetal & Centrifugal Forces in Geopolitics.